How to Make Fitzroys Storm Glass

Admiral Fitzroy (1805-1865), as commander of HMS Beagle, participated in the Darwin Expedition from 1834-1836. In addition to his naval career, Fitzroy did pioneer work in the field of meteorology. The Beagles instrumentation for the Darwin Expedition included several chronometers as well as barometers, which Fitzroy used for weather forecasting. The Darwin Expedition also was the first voyage under sailing orders that the Beaufort wind scale  was used for wind observations. Storm Glass Weather Barometer One type of barometer used by Fitzroy was a storm glass. Observing the liquid in the storm glass was supposed to indicate changes in the weather. If the liquid in the glass was clear, the weather would be bright and clear. If the liquid was cloudy, the weather would be cloudy as well, perhaps with precipitation. If there were small dots in the liquid, humid or foggy weather could be expected. A cloudy glass with small stars indicated thunderstorms. If the liquid contained small stars on sunny winter days, then snow was coming. If there were large flakes throughout the liquid, it would be overcast in temperate seasons or snowy in the winter. Crystals at the bottom indicated frost. Threads near the top meant it would be windy. Italian mathematician/physicist Evangelista Torricelli, a student of  Galileo, invented the barometer in 1643. Torricelli used a column of water in a tube 34 ft (10.4 m) long. Storm glasses available today are less cumbersome and easily mounted on a wall. Make Your Own Storm Glass Here are instructions for constructing a storm glass, described by Pete Borrows in response to a question posted on NewScientist.com, attributed to a letter published in the June 1997 School Science Review. Ingredients for Storm Glass: 2.5g potassium nitrate2.5g ammonium chloride33 mL distilled water40 mL ethanol10g camphor Note that man-made camphor, while very pure, does contain borneol as a by-product of the manufacturing process. Synthetic camphor doesnt work as well as natural camphor, perhaps because of the borneol. Dissolve the potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water; add the ethanol; add the camphor. It is advised to dissolve the nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water, then mix the camphor in the ethanol.Next, slowly mix  the two solutions  together. Adding the nitrate and ammonium solution to the ethanol solution works best. It also helps to warm the solution to ensure complete mixing.Place the solution in corked test tube.  Another method is to seal the mixture in small glass tubes rather than using a cork. To do this, use a flame or other high heat to crimp and melt the top of a glass vial. No matter what method is selected to construct a storm glass, always use proper care in handling chemicals. How Storm Glass Functions The premise of the functioning of the storm glass is that temperature and pressure affect solubility, sometimes resulting in clear liquid; other times causing precipitants to form. The functioning of this type of storm glass is not fully understood. In similar barometers, the liquid level, generally brightly colored, moves up or down a tube in response to atmospheric pressure. Certainly, temperature affects solubility, but sealed glasses are not exposed to the pressure changes that would account for much of the observed behavior. Some people have proposed that surface interactions between the glass wall of the barometer and the liquid contents account for the crystals. Explanations sometimes include effects of electricity or quantum tunneling across the glass.

Utopian Urbanism That Forms Utopic Degeneration - 2222 Words

From recent years, utopian urbanism connects with the so-called crisis of modernist urbanism that forms utopic degeneration. Utopia has developed to mean a community with a visionary system of political and societal perfection, where cities that function to improve the daily lives of its citizens; an ideal society, However these concepts are more often than not depicted as an impossible dream, yet too bold, too radical to ever exist in real life. Some utopian visions are focused on new technology, whereas others are on intact landscapes. In other occasions, some are based on new social orders, but all were combined under a radical avant-garde and progressive architecture. It is this, their new and bold concepts that drive the imagination of architects and town planners. Although rarely realized in full, principles from some utopian visions have been adopted in part and have had significant influence on existing cities such as New York, Chandigarh and Paris. They are a catalyst for g enerating ideas and new forms of thinking that leads to, for better or for worse the many innovations in 21st century urban planning. Since utopian thinking can produce a vision of the future that is achievable, what is the connection between having a vision of the future, whether achievable or not, and utopian thinking? The concept of utopia, derived from Thomas Mores, in his famous text in 1516 where he refers a place as to both somewhere good and to nowhere. The connections between utopian

Information System Management of Envato-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discusss about the Information System Management of Envato. Answer: Introduction The following assignment discusses about the information system management and the chosen organization for this assignment is envato. Envato is an austrlaian startup company which designs creative assets for the website designers which include photos, video and 3d models. The company occupies fifth position in the top 25 emerging business in Australia. It has over 250 employees and its CEO is Collis Taaed. The assignment discusses the problems the company facing in the information system. The assignment further discusses about the consequences if the company adopts the e-commerce and m-commerce and finally discusses about the advantages and risks related to the e-commerce. Details of problem description An information system can be defined as collecting, storing and organizing the data of the company so that at the time of requirement it can be searches and utilized effectively. Nowadays the companies are storing entire database of their company online instead of offline storage as the result there are huge amount of data is stored online each day and it is crucial to organize these data in such a way so that it can be accessed easily at the time of requirement. This is where information system application is required to simplify their task (Andam, 2014). The chosen company for the assignment is the Envato which is an Australian company, which works in the digital market place which makes products like images, videos, 3D models and photography which is utilized by the web designers for designing the websites. Envato is the startup with few employees so it is possible that they are going to face some issue in connecting to the customers. The main challenge for the company is to adapt to the customer requirement. The company is designing thousands of websites, videos, and images for the clients and it is crucial that they need to store these designs so that if the two clients demands same type of designs they have to design a single project and to deliver to both of them. Without the information system the company will not to be able to find its project thus they have to design again the same product for other client. Proposed Solution The possible solution for the above problem can be the better information system for the organization. A proper data system will help Envato to store the designs in an organized manner with proper description, so that if the client demands for the same project which has been designed by the company earlier, then they just has look into their information system and provide the project without redesigning it second time. Introduction to e-commerce and m-commerce Every organization dreams to expand their business and to spread worldwide so that everyone in the world should know its name. E-commerce is the best solution that any organization looks up to expand their business. There are various companies like flipkart, amazon, shopclues which are the e-commerce site. E-commerce basically is a platform where the company can buy and sell its product and performs all accounting transaction through the internet. The advantage of the e-commerce website is that the company can performs its business from any part of the world. They dont have to open stores and show rooms in every city to expand its business they just need a small store to store their product and deliver the products to customer. Moreover the customers can shop anytime and anywhere and can browse variety of the products. The m-commerce is a platform through which the various transactions of the company like accounting and marketing takes place through the Smartphone. Smartphone usage i n the year has exceeded over 2.4 billion and is expected to rise over 3 billion in the year 2020 (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine, 2012). Thus over half of population will be using the Smartphone in the coming years so it would be a great idea for the company to adopt m-commerce to expand the customer base. Organization business benefits in using e-commerce and m-commerce. As discussed above the e-commerce and m-commerce will revolutionize the way of doing business. Out of the seven billion people in the year 2016 over 3.5 billion of the population has access to the internet and over 2.5 billion people are using the Smartphone thus carrying out the business on the internet and mobile phones is bound to give them edge over the offline business. Some of the advantages are: Firstly the startup and the small companies which do not have enough investment to operate in every country (Peppard Ward, 2016). Then can use the internet help to expand their business in other countries. They need to have a store where they can store their product and deliver to the customers according to their needs. Secondly since all the data is stored in the computer with the help of big data application the e-commerce and m-commerce can help in studying the customer behavior and to adapt according to their needs. Thirdly using an e-commerce platform means the business can operate 24* 7 and 365 days. Therefore the customer can browse the product anytime during the day or night according to his convenience Fourthly using an ecommerce will cut down various operational costs for the company like opening a store and the tax payment for the particular country and various legal costs. The company has only to maintain its website for the customers. Lastly the e-commerce has also has the facility of customer rating and reviewing (Mohapatra, 2013). If a customer gives a good review to the company products then there will be mouth advertisement to other people which can increase the sales of the company. Integration of e-commerce and m-commerce to the organization As discussed there are various reasons why a company should adopt the e-commerce path for its business operation. Therefore to adopt the e-commerce platform the company has to integrate the e-commerce in its organization. To initiate the process of the integration the company has to prepare the customer data, product data and finance database. After the database is created these data is entered into the back end data to operate the website. To manage the data an enterprise resource planning is required (Laudon Traver, 2013). The enterprise resource planning is business management software which helps an organization to collect, analyze and maintain and interpret the data used during the business activities. The ERP software divide the business operations into inventory management, finance, marketing and customer relationship where a constant exchange of data takes place between these departments which help in efficient operation of the business. E-commerce supply chain management Introduction The supply chain management is basically the management of the network from the product which is dispatched from the inventory to the product which is delivered to the client. The supply chain management includes the manufacturing, assembling, procurement of the products and other logistics work comes under the supply chain management (Laudon, Laudon, 2016). Sub-processes functions of the e-commerce supply chain management The above figure shows the supply chain management of the e-commerce. The steps described are that firstly step of the supply chain management include that the customer books a product on the website. At the second step the product is included in the cart at the third step the customer makes payment for the item (Barnes Hunt, 2013). After the payment is made the product is transferred from the warehouse to the delivery truck and at the final stage the customer receives the product. Thus this is the whole supply chain management for the product. Challenges and protection Security, risks and threats Although the e-commerce has revolutionized the way of doing business. There are various risks associated with the e-commerce platform: Firstly all the data of the company and the customer are stored in the cloud therefore there is risk of data breach if there is not a proper firewall Secondly if the customer gives the bad review about the product intentionally then there will be bad advertising for the product of the company which can hamper its growth. Lastly many a times during festival seasons due to huge traffic the website dog the company get crashed thus a better website design is needed for its better function. Thus for the better function of the e-commerce a strong firewall is required a better ERP software will efficiently manage the operation of the business (Chiu et al. 2014). Lastly the website design should be better so that it cannot get crashed during the huge traffic online system. Conclusion From the report it can be conclude that the company centavo can be expand its business if they use the e-commerce system as they deal in the online designs and websites they can sell their designs online in different countries. If the costumer like the design and want to use that design he can buy it online. Thus the companies do not require a store or inventory to store their products but they need to maintain better information system to store their designs so at the time of requirement they can easily find the required design References Andam, Z. R. (2014). e-Commerce and e-Business. Barnes, S., Hunt, B. (Eds.). (2013).E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. G. (2013).E-commerce. Pearson. Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (Eds.). (2012).Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media.

Security Issues In Networking Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Security Issues In Networking. Answer: Introduction Security issues in networking relates to the requirements which are required for business or even the network supervisor which help in safeguarding of the network , the computer systems in addition to the resources that are reliable by the networks [11]. The network needs to be safeguarded from any specific not authorized entrance, malicious elements as well as tracking consistently. Networking safety is a significant issue to each business that has a computer which is linked to the coverage. The networking security that has been jeopardized signifies that the rival or even the hacker might gain an entry to the susceptible or maybe the crucial information which they might remove or even render off with the data that could lead to loss in data or perhaps the complete system devastation [2]. The networking security is much more taken as the specification protection from the outside invaders in the program. With the increase in the number of people getting linked to the networks, the security threats that causes the massive harm is increasing [11]. The networking security is the primary section of the network which must be managed given that the information is transferred between the computer systems which could be vulnerable to attack [12]. Over the past five years individuals who manages the network security have seen the massive increase of the attackers as well as the criminals creating of malicious attacks which are pumped into the networks globally. In this report, it will highlight the background and the related areas of networking security, it will also explain on this topic, the technical details and the advantages and the disadvantages of the networking security. Additionally, the report will show some improvements that have been done about the networking security over the years. Background and related areas The security issues in networking have led to the widespread of the identity theft as well as financial fraud. Spam, viruses as well as the spyware have caused problems to the clients along with the businesses. A breach in security could irreparably damage on the brand of the organization [3]. An example in the USA, the security concerns threaten to slow on the federal adoption of the electronic medical records. In the EU it is an equivalent issue whenever the consumers confidence which refers to the security and data protection is the barrier to a lot faster growth of the e-commerce across the member state borders .Today it has been observed that the information attacks has become a profitable business organization and it is more often been controlled by the organized crime syndicates [5]. The growth in the sosphicated cybercrime business models, which may include the appearance of the criminal businesses, tend to be more often developed on selling the tools and services for the sta rting of the networking attacks , as opposed to offering the information that has already been gained from the attacks . The security technology has continued to progress , that has changed from the passive , the point to point product dependent to active , which is the end to end methods to the security recognition , and quarantine [9]. Moreover, the internet service providers are contending on the safety in addition to the consumers ISPS provided security that is section of their services. The security concerns in the networking continues to be a significant topic of issue by the policy makers around the globe who are concentrating on the state of the data system. The policy makers intend to make certain that the users of the networks employs the ideal technology as well as the process practices in order to make the networks more secure [4]. Other related topic on the subject is on the networking issues in the internet of things that has highlighted on the networking issues In the IOT. There are many vulnerabilities, attacks and the mitigation with regards to the internet of things. Explanation of the topic This topic explores on the security issues or concern in networking. In any network it can encounter various threats which may lead to the compromise of the data for the clients or the business. The security issues in networking exists and organization can be prone to attack if they do not have appropriate mechanism in place to protect themselves against the vulnerabilities and the attacks[3]. Some of the security issues are virus and the worms, Trojan, SPAM, phishing and the packet sniffers. These are the methods which are used by the attackers to exploits on the network. The virus and the worms are the programs which has been loaded onto the system without the knowledge of the user and runs against the wishes of the owner [8]. The viruses could cause huge amount of damage to the networks. In case the virus are downloaded and then the computer systems in the networks might be impacted because they could make copies of on its own and spread across the networks. This is a problem to t he networking administrator since attackers are able to steal data from the business. On the Trojans these are programs which are malicious and when installed in the networks it can tamper with the allocation of the files and cause a massive damage to the system in a given network [7]. This is a security issue since individuals or the business may lose important information which they did not have a backup for and store. Another security concern that is highlighted is the spam. This is the flooding of the internet with many different replicates of the same message, to try to forcing the information on individuals that do not otherwise could not want to obtain it. Phishing is an email fraudulence method and is one of the biggest security issues when it comes to networking [10]. This method is the worst security threats since there are many individuals who uses the computers which are linked to the networks and they may be amateurs and who be vulnerable in giving their data that cause s situations such as theft of money and the identity theft. Technical details The process of security issues in networking begin with the authentication of the user who logs to the appropriate passwords as well as the users name which are the one factor authentication [11]. When the authentication becomes known the two factor authentication could be used. Networking aspect is all about constructing, design and the use of the network that may include the physical, the selection along with the use of the telecommunication protocol as well as the computer software for the use and managing on the network. Advantages and disadvantages The security in networking entails securing on the networks. The security involves prevention of any misuse or the authorized access to the networks or the resources. Some of the advantages and the disadvantages of the needs of security in networking is as follows; Advantages To protect the data: The security keeps a check on to the unauthorized access. The network usually contain numerous confidential data such as the personal client data [1]. Any person who breaks on the system might impede on sensitive information. The security in the network needs to be there to protect it. Prevents cyber-attack: most of the attacks in networking usually derives from the World Wide Web. You will discover attackers that are specialists in and then there are viral strain attacks. If negligent, they might perform lots of information obtainable in the network [4]. The networking security could prevent these attacks from harming the system. The levels of access: The security software offer numerous amounts of access to the various users. The authentication of the users is accompanied by authorization techniques in which could be looked at whether or not the user is certified to gain access to different resource [2]. Disadvantages Time consuming: The software that are used in networking could be difficult to work with. They may need authentication using two passwords in order to ensure double security that can be entered each time you edit on the document [1]. Requires skilled staff: when it comes to the management of network it is not an easy task. It entails a highly skilled technicians are able to handle on any security issues that may arise [5]. The networking administrator should be employed in order to ensure the smooth working of the network. These individuals should be adequately be trained in meeting on the requirement. Improvements about the topic which has been made over years There has been improvement which have been made over the years over the security issues in networking. There has been growth rate of the broadband in regards to the customers and the bandwidth against the growth of the cyber-crime [1]. The network operators have gained ground over the years. It has been seem that there has been strong network authentication as well as authorization which would capitalize on this trend. The value of networking would continue to grow, and individuals are using them in interesting ways. Over the years there has been security issues in networking such as zombie computers and botnets, passwords attacks as well as the maliciously coded websites [7]. These are security concern which have occurred over the years and which have caused the networking issues to arise. Conclusion The security issues is a very difficult topic. Each and every idea of what the security level is and the accepted risk. The key for building for carrying secure networking would be to define the security ways to the business enterprise. As soon as this has been undoubtedly defined, everything which happens the network could be examined with regards to the policy. References Dabbagh, Mehiar, Bechir Hamdaoui, Mohsen Guizani, and Ammar Rayes. "Software-defined networking security: pros and cons." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 6 (2015): 73-79. Fernandes, Diogo AB, Liliana FB Soares, Joo V. Gomes, Mrio M. Freire, and Pedro RM Incio. "Security issues in cloud environments: a survey." International Journal of Information Security 13, no. 2 (2014): 113-170. Hossain, Md Mahmud, Maziar Fotouhi, and Ragib Hasan. "Towards an analysis of security issues, challenges, and open problems in the internet of things." In Services (SERVICES), 2015 IEEE World Congress on, pp. 21-28. IEEE, 2015. Kumar, Abhishek, Subham Kumar Gupta, Animesh Kumar Rai, and Sapna Sinha. "Social networking sites and their security issues." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3, no. 4 (2013): 3. Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan, ed. Security of self-organizing networks: MANET, WSN, WMN, VANET. CRC press, 2016. Shu, Zhaogang, Jiafu Wan, Di Li, Jiaxiang Lin, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, and Muhammad Imran. "Security in software-defined networking: Threats and countermeasures." Mobile Networks and Applications 21, no. 5 (2016): 764-776. Stojmenovic, Ivan, and Sheng Wen. "The fog computing paradigm: Scenarios and security issues." In Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2014 Federated Conference on, pp. 1-8. IEEE, 2014. So, Kuyoro. "Cloud computing security issues and challenges." International Journal of Computer Networks 3, no. 5 (2011): 247-55. Xylomenos, George, Christopher N. Ververidis, Vasilios A. Siris, Nikos Fotiou, Christos Tsilopoulos, Xenofon Vasilakos, Konstantinos V. Katsaros, and George C. Polyzos. "A survey of information-centric networking research." IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 16, no. 2 (2014): 1024-1049. Yan, Zheng, Peng Zhang, and Athanasios V. Vasilakos. "A security and trust framework for virtualized networks and software?defined networking." Security and communication networks 9, no. 16 (2016): 3059-3069. Zhao, Nan, F. Richard Yu, Ming Li, Qiao Yan, and Victor CM Leung. "Physical layer security issues in interference-alignment-based wireless networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 54, no. 8 (2016): 162-168. Zissis, Dimitrios, and Dimitrios Lekkas. "Addressing cloud computing security issues." Future Generation computer systems 28, no. 3 (2012): 583-592.